Abstract

Barite formation in the surface oceans is generally assumed to be dominated by abiotic precipitation. Acceptance of this pathway is largely the result of the absence of a pelagic marine organism known to precipitate the ovoid to rounded-rectangular barite crystals typically observed in marine waters and sediments. Barite crystals observed in net-tow particles and on substrates retrieved from the seafloor (both in the central North Pacific) were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Three distinct crystalline forms of barite were observed: ovoid and hexagonal crystals several microns in diameter, and aggregates of submicron-sized crystals. Ovoid and hexagonal-type crystals contained between 0 and 26 mole percent SrSO4. The microcrystalline barite contained no detectable Sr (<0.05 percent). Hexagonal-type crystals were precipitated by an unusual benthic foraminifera. Comparison of the morphology and composition of the barite crystals observed in this study to crystals precipitated by a variety of biotic and abiotic processes suggests a biotic origin for the ovoid barite crystals, the most common form of barite observed in this region.

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