Document Type
Discussion Paper
Publication Date
4-2026
CFDP Number
2495
CFDP Pages
32
Abstract
Signaling is wasteful. But how wasteful? We study the fraction of surplus dissipated in a separating equilibrium. For isoelastic environments, this waste ratio has a simple formula: β/(β + σ), where β is the benefit elasticity (reward to higher perception) and σ is the elasticity of higher types’ relative cost advantage. The ratio is constant across types and is independent of other parameters, including convexity of cost in the signal. We show that the directional effects of β and σ on waste extend to non-isoelastic environments.
Recommended Citation
Frankel, Alex and Kartik, Navin, "How Wasteful Is Signaling?" (2026). Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers. 2949.
https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cowles-discussion-paper-series/2949